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Geographical Locations - America
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General Links
The (statistical) number of inhabitants per doctor is given per country in its respective section.
- The average number for North America is about 530 inhabitants / doctor. (Min.: USA: 341; Max.: Mexico: 800)
- The average number for Central America is about 2,000 inhabitants / doctor. (Min.: Cuba: 303; Max.: Jamaica: 6,159)
- The average number for South America is about 1,100 inhabitants / doctor. (Min.: Argentina: 340; Max.: Guyana: 2,552)The WHO Regional Office for the
The WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) / Pan American Health Organization ( PAHO) is located in Washington, D.C. (USA), the Member States of AMRO/ PAHO are those listed here.
- CEPIS
Centro Panamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ciencias del Ambiente - Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences
- Challenges and Solutions in Health in Latin America
“…The overall challenge can be expressed in one sentence: People do not always get the health care they need. Of course to provide all the care that would ever do something to improve health, with no concern for cost, could use far more of society’s resources than would make any sense. In fact, spending too much on health care might actually worsen health outcomes, as resources were withdrawn from education, food, environmental protection or other inputs to health. So the challenge or problem can be re-phrased as, Of the interventions that society decides it can afford, people do not always get all those that they need.
- Equity and Health Sector Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1995-2005
"The purpose of this report is to document the experiences and lessons learned in health sector reforms (HSR) initiated during the years of 1995 to 2005 and their effects on equity in the access and delivery of services. As a result, this report involved searching and compiling studies published in international journals, both in English and Spanish, as well as looking at grey literature. The evidence gathered reveals that for most countries, the implementation of HSR has not delivered the effects expected. In Colombia, even though there have been some achievements in reducing inequities in access and resource allocation, the health expenditures have also increased greatly (above 10% of GDP), which makes the extension of the benefits to the other half of the poor population who encounter themselves outside the system, unsustainable and unrealistic."
- Gender, Health and Development in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2005
"This PAHO brochure profiles gender differences in health and development in all the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on women's reproductive health, access to key health services, and major causes of death. Its objective is to raise awareness of gender inequities in the region and promote the use of sex-disaggregated health statistics in the development of targeted health and development policies and other initiatives"
- Health in the Americas 2007
Published in October 2007 and available in both Spanish and English, "...the Regional Volume includes an opening chapter that provides an overview of health in terms of the Millennium Development Goals; of the health status continuum—the unfinished agenda, the protection of health gains, and the confrontation of emerging threats; and of the national and international health sector response to that health status. Also added is a final chapter that contemplates a vision of the future of public health in the Region in the context of the Health Agenda for the Americas, 2008 - 2017, with commentaries from a number of distinguished international experts. Each of the intervening chapters commences with an introductory summary, which is set off from the main text with a different format. Color is used throughout the volume to assure the clarity of graphic material. Finally, as one of the main purposes of the series Health in the Americas is to trace regional trends in health conditions and health systems over time, complementing this edition are quotations from the Directors of the Organization—from Hugh S. Cumming in the 1920s to Mirta Roses Periago in the 21st century— that are germane to the subjects of the various chapters. The Country Volume presents maps of each country and territory, as well as short notices that highlight a specific health challenge and the response of the national health sector to that challenge. Throughout both volumes, text boxes are introduced to provide additional material; figures and tables are inserted as close as possible to their in-text mention; and bibliographic references are included.”
- Health Situation in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2007
This brochure, part of the Regional Core Health Data and Country Profiles Initiative of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), presents the latest information available on 57 basic indicators for the 48 countries and territories as well as the sub-regions. With regard to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), the malaria indicator with reference to MDG six are graphically presented. The figure illustrates the malaria situation in 2000, 2006, and the proposed overall goal for 2015. Also included is a map showing the 1990 and 2004 urban/rural geographical distribution for the MDG seven, indicator "Population using improved sources of drinking water" at the national level. Also available in Spanish.
- Inter-American Development Bank - Inter-American Institute for Social Development
- LADARK
Latin America Development Archive - "contains data sets and other information useful to social scientists who are doing research on Latin American development. These materials may be copied freely for scholarly research and educational purposes. Ladark is a project of the Program in Comparative International Development (PCID) in the Department of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University. PCID has a collaborative arrangement with the Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala (UVG) in Guatemala City"
- Mapping the Majority
The Inter-American Development Bank's Mapping the Majority is an interactive tool that compiles relevant indicators on economic participation and the living conditions of relevant segments of the population in Latin America and the Caribbean and presents them in a user-friendly, flexible manner. The tool allows users to explore the degree of inclusion of different segments of the population into the markets in any of the Bank's borrowing member countries. As well as examine their role as consumers and their contributions as producers.
- OPS - Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe para Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME)
- Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
"The Organisation of the Eastern Caribbean States, OECS, came into being on 18 June 1981, when seven Eastern Caribbean countries signed a treaty, agreeing to co-operate with each other and promote unity and solidarity among their Member States. This treaty became known as the Treaty of Basseterre, so named in honour of the capital city where it was signed. The member States of the OECS are Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada Montserrat, St Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines. The British Virgin Islands and Anguilla are associate members."
- OUTSIDERS? The Changing Patterns of Exclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean
“…The 2008 edition of the Report on Economic and Social Progress deals with the changing patterns of social inclusion and exclusion, one of the most pressing concerns faced by policymakers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, much of the lively debate on the economic and social policies needed to attain sustainable and equitable growth hinges on the issue of social inclusion. What this report shows is that attaining social inclusion demands not only redressing past injustices with resource transfers and affirmative action programs, but also, and more importantly, changing the way decisions are made, resources are allocated, and policies are implemented.”
- Public Health Capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean: Assessment and Strengthening
This 2007 report by the Area of Health Systems Strengthening - Health Policies and Systems Unit of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) "was developed based on an in-depth literature review. Sources included country assessments, journal articles, survey data, publications, international cooperation documents and national policy documents in English, Spanish and Portuguese. While the literature review was comprehensive, the paper could have benefited from additional grey literature from the countries in the Region, which can be difficult to locate and obtain since it is not widely disseminated. One of the goals of circulating this paper is the identification of additional examples of strategies and interventions for monitoring, evaluating and strengthening public health capacities by the countries at the national and sub-national levels."
- Resource Center of the Americas
"A non-profit organization formed in 1983, the Resource Center of the Americas has grown from a small grass-roots network of concerned individuals into a significant community institution of more than 1,600 members and several thousand friends ... [it] provides information and develops programs that demonstrate the connections between the people of Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States. For more than fifteen years we have built bridges across communities, highlighting the voices of the silenced and ignored. The Resource Center looks forward to continuing that work by defending human rights in the era of globalization."
- Toward Universal Access to HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment - the 3 by 5 Report for the Americas
"The 3 by 5 Initiative launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003 aimed to provide antiretroviral therapy to an additional three million people requiring treatment globally. In the Region of the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) included prevention of HIV within 3 by 5 in order to promote a comprehensive care model. During 2004 and 2005, countries initiated a variety of activities to scale up prevention, care, and treatment with technical and financial support from 3 by 5. Most of the resources were used to strengthen health system infrastructure, including human resource capacity and expansion of services. Significant advances were also made in prevention, access to medicines, and strengthening the collection and management of strategic information..."
- Virtual Campus of Public Health
The Virtual Campus of Public Health is a consortium of institutions led by PAHO/WHO, in collaboration with academic institutions and development agencies of Europe and America, recognized for their leadership. The Campus' objective is "to contribute to the development and improvement of the efficiency of Public Health management through the resolution of cases closely related with professional practice, as well as to promote the exchange of experiences among professionals ...
List of Individual Countries
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Antigua and Barbuda - Caribbean Region -
Argentina - South America -
B
Bahamas - Caribbean Region -
Barbados - Caribbean Region -
Belize - Central America -
Bolivia - South America -
Brazil - South America -
C
Canada - North America -
Chile - South America -
Colombia - South America -
Costa Rica - Central America -
Cuba - Caribbean Region -
D
Dominica - Caribbean Region -
Dominican Republic - Caribbean Region -
E
Ecuador - South America -
El Salvador - Central America -
G
Grenada - Caribbean Region -
Guatemala - Central America -
Guyana - South America -
H
Haiti - Caribbean Region -
Honduras - Central America -
J
Jamaica - Caribbean Region -
M
Mexico - North America -
N
Nicaragua - Central America -
P
Panama - Central America -
Paraguay - South America -
Peru - South America -
S
Saint Christopher-Nevis ( a.k.a. St. Kitts and Nevis ) - Caribbean Region -
Saint Lucia - Caribbean Region -
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Caribbean Region -
Suriname - South America -
T
Trinidad and Tobago - Caribbean Region -
U
United States of America (USA) - North America -
Uruguay - South America -
USA (see -> United States of America)
V
Venezuela - South America -
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Coverage of all countries is a difficult task, and we need help. We have done our best to list relevant resources for each country, but we are aware that this is not enough to keep the Library updated.
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Original website founded Lucien E. Schlosser and Eberhard Wenzel, 1997.
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