Research Interests

Professor Raina MacIntyre

(Position Details)
Phone 02 9385 3811
Email
Qualifications MBBS (Hons 1, Syd), MAppEpid (ANU), PhD (ANU), FRACP, FAFPHM
 
School/Unit
School of Public Health and Community Medicine
 
Broad Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology
Preventive Medicine
Population Health
Virology
 
Specific Research Keywords
vaccines
Biosecurity
Clinical trials
Epidemiology
Influenza
 
Research Interests

Prof MacIntyre during field work for an influenza clinical trialProfessor MacIntyre has made a major contribution to control of infectious diseases threats in Australia, including bioterrorism and pandemic influenza. She won the 2007 Sir Henry Wellcome Medal and Prize from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States for work on bioterrorism, an honour rarely bestowed on civilians or non-US citizens. She runs a strategic, multidisciplinary research in the control and prevention of infectious diseases through vaccines, therapeutics, screening, prophylaxis and non-pharmaceutical measures. The threat of emerging infections, pandemic influenza, bioterrorism and other major infectious incursions which will have a societal impact are a focus of her research. She is involved in pivotal trials of the efficacy of face masks in preventing respiratory infections in the community and in health workers. She is currently running a trial in Beijing on the use of face masks in hospital health workers. Other research includes special risk populations such as health care workers, front line responders and emergency workers, immunosuppressed, refugees. Disease areas include influenza and respiratory viruses, pneumococcal disease, human papillomavirus, TB, hepatitis A and other vaccine-preventable infections. Methodologies include clinical trials, observational epidemiology, mathematical modelling and social research. Current research includes vaccine trials (HPV, pneumococcal, influenza) in special risk groups, trials of face masks and studies of international travel (in Thailand) and emerging infections. Her research program is facilitated with an ongoing appointment as senior principal research fellow at the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases; and through appointments on several key national expert committees which inform policy and practice; In 2009 she was also on the US Institute of Medicine's Committee on Respiratory protection for Health Care Workers against Novel H1N1 Influenza A.
 
ILP Research Interests (Will supervise ILP students)
Avian Influenza
Bioterrorism
Communicable Disease Control
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Immunisation
Influenza
 
Project Topics for current Honours Students
Travel and emerging infections
Vaccines in the elderly
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Hepatitis A epidemiology
Human papillomavirus
Influenza
 
Teaching Interests
Public health, biosecurity, preventive medicine, epidemiology, infectious diseases, vaccines.
 
Society Memberships & Professional Activities
Member, US National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Committee on Respiratory Protection for Healthcare Workers Against Novel H1N1 Influenza A, 2009.
Member, Word Organization of Medical Editors (WAME) (2003-current)
Member, Australian Society for Infectious Diseases (1998-current)
Fellow, Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Fellow, Australian Faculty of Public Health Medicine
Member, Specialist Influenza Advisory Group to the Chief Medical Officer of Australia, 2007-
Member, Pandemic Influenza Advisory Group to the Chief Medical Officer of Australia, 2007-
Member, Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (2007-)
Member, Infectious Diseases Subgroup of the Detention Health Advisory Group, Australia, 2007-.
Member, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Expert Advisory Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (EAGAR) (2005-2008).
Member, Hepatitis B working party of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on AIDS, STDs and Hepatitis.
Member, Working Parties for the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation: Influenza, Hepatitis A; Varicella zoster; Rotavirus
 
Funding Sources
2009 NHMRC Urgent H1N1 influenza 2009 grant # 630787
Value $330,000
Investigators Prof CR MacIntyre; Prof DE Dwyer; Dr H Seale
Subject Efficacy of face masks against H1N1 swine influenza

2009-2012 ARC Linkage Grant # LP0990749
Value $185,000-00
Investigators Prof CR MacIntyre; Prof DE Dwyer; A/Prof PT Nga; Prof NM Ferguson; A/Prof M McLaws; Prof L Maher; Dr H Seale; Dr JG Wood; Dr AT Newall
Subject Economic, social and cross cultural issues in non pharmaceutical protection of front line responders to pandemic influenza and emerging infections.

2007-2008 ARC Discovery Grant #DP0773987
Value $340,000.00
Investigators CR MacIntyre; AJ Plant; RE Watkins
Subject Who acquires infection from whom across international borders? New approaches for control of emerging infections through understanding travel patterns

2006-2009 ARC Linkage Grant #LP0668279
Value $600,000.00 from ARC, $900,000.00 from industry linkage partners
(total $1.5 million) and over 3 years
Subject Economic and Social Benefits of treating and preventing influenza in Aged Care Facilities
Investigators R Booy; CR MacIntyre; D Dwyer; RI Lindley

2006 NHMRC Strategic Research Grant for Potential Avian Influenza-Induced Pandemic — Urgent Research #373646
Value $ 146,934.00
Subject Pandemic influenza: developing a model to enhance preparedness in the business sector
Investigators Plant, Aileen; MacIntyre, Raina; Merianos, Angela; Donovan, Robert; Watkins Rochelle.

2006 NHMRC Strategic Research Grant for Potential Avian Influenza-Induced Pandemic —Urgent Research #410224
Value $183,040.00
Subject Assessment of interventions for controlling pandemic influenza and determining data needs to inform these assessments
Chief investigators Becker, Niels G; Glass, Kathryn; Mathews, John; Dwyer, Dominic; Nolan, Terrence; MacIntyre, Raina; Barendregt, Jan; Barnes, Belinda; Caley, Peter; McCaw, James; McVernon, Jodie; Philp, David; Wood, James

2005-2009 NHMRC Capacity Building Grant in Population Health #358425
Value $2.5 million over five years, 2005-2009
Subject Mathematical modeling of infectious diseases
Investigators MacIntyre CR, Becker N, Law M, Plant AJ, Nolan T, Brown GV

2005-2008 NHMRC Project grant #352337
Value $450,000 over three years
Subject Clinical trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in hospitalized geriatric patients.
Investigators MacIntyre CR, Lindley R, McIntyre PB, Sullivan J, Gilbert GL.

2005-2008 NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence #264625
Value $2,000,000 over five years
Subject Interdisciplinary clinical and health ethics research and training to improve outcomes in immunosuppressed haematology patients
Investigators Sorrell T, Bradstock K, Kerridge I, Gilbert GL, Gottlieb D, MacIntyre CR, Dwyer D, Ankeny R.
Location Westmead Hospital and NSW Bone Marror Transplant Network

2006-2007 Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Office of Health Protection grant
Value $240,000
Subject A Cluster Randomised, Controlled clinical trial of surgical masks and particulate respirators in households for Control of Respiratory Virus Transmission.
Investigators MacIntyre CR, Booy R, Plant AJ, Dwyer D, Wang H, Burgess M, Browne, G, Seale H, Iskander M.
 
Thesis topics for current UNSW Medicine postgraduate research students
  1. Critical infrastructure and pandemic influenza: possible impact on hospitals and preventive strategies.
  2. Travel patterns, traveller behaviour and their relationship to the importation of infectious disease into Australia.
 
Other Postgraduate Research

Mr Ralf Itzwerth, PhD candidate, SPHCM. Pandemic influenza and critical infrastructure. 2009-2012

Mr Alex Rosewell, PhD candidate, SPHCM, Infectious Diseases Surveillance in resource poor settings - PNG. 2009-2012

Mr David Muscatello, PhD candidate, SPHCM, Influenza surveillance evaluation with linked databases. 2009-2012

Mr Junhua Li, PhD candidate, Australian Graduate School of Management. E-heath preparedness in a pandemic. 2009-2012

Ms Anita Heywood, PhD candidate, SPHCM, Travel and emerging infections 2007-2010.

Ms Iman Ridda, PhD candidate, School of Public Health, University of Sydney (Pneumococcal vaccines in frail elderly patients). Submitting March 2009.

Ms Holly Seale, PhD candidate, School of Public Health, University of Sydney (The epidemiology of cytomegalovirus in Australia). Submitting March 2008.

Dr Padmanesan Narasimhan, PhD candidate, SPHCM,UNSW. (Household transmission study of TB in India). Submitting 2012.
 
Key works/Publications
Original articles in Peer-reviewed Scientific Journals
(*senior or corresponding author)


1. *Wood JG, McCaw J, Becker N, Nolan T, MacIntyre CR. Optimal dosing and dynamic distribution of vaccines in an influenza pandemic. American Journal Of Epidemiology. 169(12):1517-24, 2009 Jun 15.
2. *Seale H, Dwyer DE, Cowling BJ, Wang Q, Yang P, Macintyre CR. A review of medical masks and respirators for use during an influenza pandemic. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2009 Sep;3(5):205-6.
3. *Sheikh M, Pal A, Wang S, MacIntyre CR, Wood NJ, Isaacs D, Gunasekera H, Raman S, Hale K, Howell A. The epidemiology of health conditions of newly arrived refugee children: a review of patients attending a specialist health clinic in Sydney. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009 Sep;45(9):509-13. Epub 2009 Aug 21.
4. Seale H, McLaws ML, Heywood AE, Ward KF, Lowbridge CP, Van D, Gralton J, Macintyre CR. The community's attitude towards swine flu and pandemic influenza. Med J Aust. 2009 Sep 7;191(5):267-9.
5. *Gao Z, Gidding HF, Wood JG, Macintyre CR. Modelling the impact of one-dose vs. two-dose vaccination regimens on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in Australia. Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Sep 28:1-12. [Epub ahead of print]
6. *Ridda I. Macintyre CR. Lindley RI. A qualitative study to assess the perceived benefits and barriers to the pneumococcal vaccine in hospitalised older people. Vaccine. 27(28):3775-9, 2009 Jun 8.
7. *Sheikh M. MacIntyre CR. The impact of intensive health promotion to a targeted refugee population on utilisation of a new refugee paediatric clinic at the children's hospital at Westmead. Ethnicity & Health. 14(4):393-405, 2009 Aug.
8. *Seale, H. Corbett, S. Dwyer, DE, MacIntyre, CR. Feasibility Exercise to Evaluate the Use of Particulate Respirators by Emergency Department Staff During the 2007 Influenza Season. Infection control and hospital epidemiology july 2009, vol. 30, no. 7
9. *Seale H. Leask J. Po K. MacIntyre CR. “Will they just pack up and leave?" - attitudes and intended behaviour of hospital health care workers during an influenza pandemic. BMC Health Services Research. 9:30, 2009.
10. *Seale H. Leask J. MacIntyre CR. Do they accept compulsory vaccination? Awareness, attitudes and behavior of hospital health care workers following a new vaccination directive. Vaccine 27(23):3022-5, 2009 May 18.
11. *Seale H. Booy R. MacIntyre CR. Trends in hospitalizations for diagnosed congenital cytomegalovirus in infants and children in Australia. BMC Pediatrics. 9:7, 2009.
12. CR MacIntyre, S Cauchemez, DE Dwyer, H Seale, P Cheung, G Browne, M Fasher, J Wood, Z Gao, R Booy, N Ferguson, Effectiveness of face mask use to control respiratory virus transmission in households, Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 15, No. 2, February 2009
13. A qualitative study to assess the perceived benefits and barriers to the pneumococcal vaccine in hospitalised older people. Ridda I. Macintyre CR. Lindley RI. Vaccine. 27(28):3775-9, 2009 Jun 8.
14. *Ridda I. Macintyre CR. Lindley R. Gao Z. Sullivan JS. Yuan FF. McIntyre PB. Immunological responses to pneumococcal vaccine in frail older people. Vaccine. 27(10):1628-36, 2009 Mar 4.
15. *Stein AN. Britt H. Harrison C. Conway EL. Cunningham A. Macintyre CR. Herpes zoster burden of illness and health care resource utilisation in the Australian population aged 50 years and older. Vaccine. 27(4):520-9, 2009 Jan 22.
16. *Seale H, MacIntyre C.R, Dwyer D.E, The Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus disease in HIV-Infected Patients before and after the Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Accepted, Open Epidemiology Journal)
17. *Seale H, Weston K.M, Dwyer D.E, Booy R, Allchin L.J, Zhu M, MacIntyre C.R. The use of oseltamivir during an influenza B outbreak in a chronic care hospital. Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses (3(1):15-20, 2009 Jan.
18. *Seale H, Dwyer D.E, MacIntyre C.R and Chapman J. Cytomegalovirus disease amongst renal transplant recipients in Australia and New Zealand. Virology: Research and Treatment 2008, Vol 1, 65–73
19. *Wood JG, Gidding H, Heywood A, Macartney K, McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR. Potential impacts of schedule changes, waning immunity and vaccine uptake on measles elimination in Australia. Vaccine. 27(2):313-8, 2009 Jan 7.
20. *Inglis, E, Kesson A, Newall A, McCartney K, MacIntyre CR. The Burden of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children Presenting to a Paeditaric Hospital. Epidemiology and Infection. In Press 2008.
21. *Yapp A, Lindeman R, Gilroy N, Gao Z, MacIntyre CR. Infection Outcomes In Splenectomised Patients With Hemoglobinopathies in Australia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. In Press 2008.
22. *Cagney M, McIntyre PB, Heron L, Giammanco A, Macintyre CR. The relationship between pertussis symptomatology, incidence and serology in adolescents. Vaccine. 26(44):5547-53, 2008 Oct 16
23. *Ridda I, Lindley IR, Gao Z, McIntyre P, Macintyre CR. Differences in attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of hospital health care workers and community doctors to vaccination of older people. Vaccine. 26(44):5633-40, 2008 Oct 16
24. *Beutels P, Scuffham PA, MacIntyre CR. Funding of drugs: do vaccines arrant a different approach? Lancet Infectious Diseases. 8(11):727-33, 2008 Nov.. (Impact factor 11.8)
25. *Ridda, I, Lindley R, MacIntyre CR. The challenges of clinical trials in the exclusion zone: the case of the frail elderly. Australasian Journal on Ageing. 2008: 27 (2) 61-66.
26. *Newall AT, Brotherton J, Esser M, Formica N, Gilbert GL, McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR. The seroepidemiology of human papillomavirus infection in Australia. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 46(11):1647-55, 2008 Jun 1.
27. *Moujaber T, Gidding H, Backhouse J, Quinn H, Gilbert GL, MacIntyre CR. The seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Australia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. In Press 2008. Accepted January 28th 2008.
28. *Newall AT, Scuffham PA, Kelly H, Harsley S, MacIntyre CR. The cost-effectiveness of a universal influenza vaccination program for adults aged 50-64 years in Australia. Vaccine. 26(17):2142-53, 2008 Apr 16
29. *Seale H. Macintyre CR. Dwyer DE. Wang H. The changing epidemiology of severe cytomegalovirus disease in Australia. Human Vaccines. 3(6):239-44, 2007 Nov-Dec.
30. Heywood A, Gidding H, Riddell M, McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR, Kelly H,. Elimination of indigenous measles transmission in Australia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. In press 2008. (Accepted January 2008)
31. *Newall AT, Wood JJG, MacIntyre CR Influenza-related hospitalisation and death in Australians aged 50 years and older . Vaccine. 26(17):2135-41, 2008 Apr 16.
32. *Cunningham AL. Breuer J. Dwyer DE. Gronow DW. Helme RD. Litt JC. Levin MJ. Macintyre CR. The prevention and management of herpes zoster. Medical Journal of Australia. 188(3):171-6, 2008 Feb 4.
33. Watkins RE, Cooke FC, Donovan RJ, Macintyre CR, Itzwerth R, Plant AJ. Tackle the problem when it gets here: pandemic preparedness among small and medium businesses. Qualitative Health Research. 18(7):902-12, 2008 Jul.
34. Araujo LQ. Macintyre CR. Vujacich C. Epidemiology and burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Australia, Asia and South America. Herpes. 14 Suppl 2:40-4, 2007 Sep.
35. *Ridda I, Motbey C, Lam L, Lindley I R, McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR. Factors associated with Pneumococcal immunization among hospitalised elderly persons: A survey of patient’s perception, attitude, and knowledge. Vaccine. 26(2):234-40, 2008 Jan 10
36. *Newall AT, Beutels P, Macartney K, Wood J, MacIntyre CR. The cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Australia. Vaccine. Dec 17;25(52):8851-8860. Epub 2007 Oct 23
37. Brotherton J, Wang H, Schaffer A, Quinn H, Menzies R, Hull B, Lawrence G, Wood J, Wood N, Rosewell A, Newall A, MacIntyre R, Macartney K, Gidding H, McIntyre P, Booy R. Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Australia, 2003 to 2005. Commun Dis Intell. 2007 Jun;31 Suppl:S1-152.
38. *Sheikh-Mohammed M, Perera S, MacIntyre CR. Preventive detention: the ethical ground where politics and health meet. Focus on asylum seekers in Australia. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 62(6):480-3, 2008 Jun.
39. Heywood AE, Macartney KK, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB. Current developments in varicella-zoster virus disease prevention. A report on the varicella-zoster virus workshop convened by the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases on 16–17 November 2006. Communicable Diseases Intelligence. 2007. Sep;31(3):303-10
40. *Wood JG, Zamani N, MacIntyre CR, Becker NG. Effects of internal border control on spread of pandemic influenza. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007;13:1038-1045.
41. Watkins RE, Cooke FC, Donovan RJ, Macintyre CR, Itzwerth R, Plant AJ. Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jul 17;7(1):157
42. *Gidding HF, Warlow M, Backhouse J, Macintyre CR, Gilbert GL, McIntyre PB. The impact of a new universal infant and school-based adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program in Australia. Vaccine, 25(51):8637-41, 2007 Dec 12.
43. Gidding HF, Wood J, Macintyre CR, Kelly H, Lambert SB, Gilbert GL, McIntyre PB. Sustained measles elimination in Australia and priorities for long term maintenance. Vaccine. 2007 4;25(18):3574-80.
44. *Ridda I, MacIntyre R, Lindley RI, McIntyre PB, Sullivan J, Gilbert GL, Kovoor P, Manolios N, Fox J. Predictors of pneumococcal vaccination uptake in hospitalised patients aged 65 years and over shortly following the commencement of a publicly funded national pneumococcal vaccination program in Australia. Human Vaccines, 2007;3(3):57-60.
45. *Newall AT, Beutels P, Wood J, Edmunds WJ, MacIntyre CR. What the papers say: a review of cost-effectiveness analyses of human papillomavirus vaccination. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007 Apr;7(4):289-96.
46. *Macintyre CR, Burgess M, Isaacs D, McIntyre PB, Menzies R, Hull B. Epidemiology of severe hepatitis A in Indigenous Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007 May;43(5):383-387.
47. *MacIntyre, C. R. New developments in BCG vaccine: implications for tuberculosis control. Epidemiology and Infection, 2007 Feb;135(2):177-80.
48. Backhouse JL, Gidding HF, Macintyre CR, McIntyre PB, Gilbert GL. Population-based seroprevalence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C capsular antibody before the introduction of conjugate vaccine, in Australia. Vaccine. 2007; 26;25(7):1310-5.
49. Salmon DA, Teret SP, MacIntyre CR, Salisbury D, Burgess MA, MD, Halsey, NA. Compulsory Vaccination and Conscientious or Philosophical Exemptions: Past, Present and Future. Lancet 2006; 367: 436–42.
50. *Sheikh-Mohammed M. Macintyre CR. Wood NJ. Leask J. Isaacs D. Barriers to access to health care for newly resettled sub-Saharan refugees in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia. 185(11-12):594-7, 2006 Dec 4-18.
51. Leask J. Sheikh-Mohammed M. Macintyre CR. Leask A. Wood NJ. Community perceptions about infectious disease risk posed by new arrivals: A qualitative study. Medical Journal of Australia. 185(11-12):591-3, 2006 Dec 4-18.
52. *Itzwerth RL, Macintyre CR, Shah S, Plant AJ. Pandemic influenza and critical infrastructure dependencies: possible impact on hospitals. Med J Aust. 2006 Nov 20;185(10):S70-S72.
53. Booy R, Brown LE, Grohmann GS, Macintyre CR. Pandemic vaccines: promises and pitfalls. Med J Aust. 2006 Nov 20;185(10):S62-S65.
54. *Seale H, Macintyre CR, Gidding HF, Backhouse JL, Dwyer DE, Gilbert L. National Serosurvey of Cytomegalovirus in Australia. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1181-1184. Epub 2006 Sep 6.
55. *Liyanage SS, MacIntyre CR. Do financial factors such as author page charges and industry funding impact on the nature of published research in infectious diseases? Health Information & Libraries Journal, Volume 23 Page 214 - September 2006
56. *Newall AT. Macintyre R. Wang H. Hull B. Macartney K. Burden of severe rotavirus disease in Australia. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 42(9):521-7, 2006 Sep.
57. *Cagney M, Macintyre CR, McIntyre P, Puech M, Giammanco A. The seroepidemiology of pertussis in Australia during an epidemic period. Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;134(6):1208-16.
58. *Thursky KA, Buising KL, Bak N, MacGregor L, Street AC, MacIntyre CR, Presneill JL, Cade JF, Brown GV. Reduction of broad spectrum antimicrobial use with computerised decision support in an ICU. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2006 Jun;18(3):224-31.
59. *MacIntyre CR, Secull A, Lane M, Plant AJ. Development of a risk priority score for category A bioterrorism agents as an aid for public health policy. Military Medicine. 171(7):589-94, 2006 Jul. Awarded the 2007 Sir Henry Wellcome Medal and Prize from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States of America for this work.
60. *Gidding HF, Brisson M, Macintyre CR, Burgess MA. Modelling the impact of vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2005 Dec;29(6):544-51.
61. *Cagney M, Macintyre CR, Torvaldesen S, McIntyre PB Cough symptoms in children aged 5-14 years in Sydney, Australia: nonspecific cough or unrecognised pertussis? Respirology.10(3):359-64, 2005,
62. *Cagney M, Macintyre CR, McIntyre PB, Peat J. Childhood asthma diagnosis and use of asthma medication. Australian Family Physician 2005. 34(3):193-6.
63. *Horby P, MacIntyre CR, Staff M, McIntyre PB, Hanlon M, Giammenco A et al . An outbreak of pertussis in a Sydney boarding school. Epidemiology & Infection, 2005. 133(2):229-36.
64. *McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR, Gilmour R, Wang H. A population-based study of the impact of corticosteroid therapy and delayed diagnosis on the outcome of childhood pneumococcal meningitis. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 90(4):391-6, 2005.
65. *MacIntyre, CR; Goebel, K; Brown, GV. Patient knows best: blinded assessment of non-adherence with anti-tuberculous therapy by physicians, nurses and patients compared with urine drug levels. Preventive Medicine. 40(1):41-5, 2005.
66. Brotherton J, McIntyre P, Puech M, Wang H, Gidding H, Hull B, Lawrence G, MacIntyre R, Wood N, Armstrong D. Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in Australia, 2001-2002. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 2004;28 Suppl 2:i-S116.
67. *Lawrence GL, MacIntyre CR, Hull BP, McIntyre PB. Effectiveness of the linkage of child care and maternity payments to childhood immunisation. Vaccine. 2004 Jun 2;22(17-18):2345-50.
68. Lawrence GL, Hull BP, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB. Reasons for incomplete immunisation among Australian children. A national survey of parents. Aust Fam Physician. 2004 Jul;33(7):568-71.
69. *Lawrence GL, MacIntyre CR, Hull BP, McIntyre PB. Measles vaccination coverage among five-year-old children: implications for disease elimination in Australia. Aust NZ J Pub Health. 2003; 27: 413-8.
70. Hull BP, Lawrence GL, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB. Is low immunisation coverage in inner urban areas of Australia due to low uptake or poor notification? Aust Fam Physician. 2003 Dec; 32:1041-3.
71. Hull BP, Lawrence GL, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB. Immunisation coverage in Australia corrected for under-reporting to the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2003 Oct; 27:533-8.
72. *MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB, Cagney M. Community based incidence and risk factors for all-cause childhood pneumonia in Western Sydney, Australia. Epi & Infection 2003;131:1091-6.
73. Hull BP, Lawrence GL, MacIntyre CR, McIntyre PB. Estimating immunisation coverage - is the 'third dose assumption' still valid? Communicable Diseases Intelligence. 2003; 27(3):357-61.
74. *Gidding HF, MacIntyre CR, Burgess MA, Gilbert GL. The seroepidemiology and transmission dynamics of varicella in Australia. Epidemiology and Infection. 2003;131:1085-1089.
75. Butler J, McIntyre PB, MacIntyre CR, Gilmour R, Howarth A, Sanders B. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Australia. Vaccine, 2004 Mar 12;22(9-10):1138-49.
76. *MacIntyre CR, Leask J. Immunisation myths and realities. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2003 Sep-Oct; 39(7): 487-91
77. *Weerasinghe, DP, MacIntyre, C R. The seasonality of births and abortions in NSW. Medical Science Monitor. 2003; 9:C534-540
78. *MacIntyre CR, Hull B, Burgess MA, Gay NJ. Measles control in NSW Divisions of General Practice. NSW Public Health Bulletin. 2003; 14:13-17
79. *MacIntyre CR, Chu CP, Burgess MA. Use of hospitalisation and pharmaceutical prescribing data to compare the prevaccination burden of varicella and herpes zoster in Australia. Epidemiology & Infection 2003; 131(1):675-82.
80. *MacIntyre CR, Goebel K, Brown GV, Skull SA, Starr M, Fulinfaw RO. A randomised, controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of family based direct observation of anti-tuberculous therapy in an urban, developed-country setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003; 7(9):848-54
81. *MacIntyre CR, Burgess MA, Hull B, McIntyre PB. Hepatitis A vaccination options for Australia. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 2003; 39:83-87
82. *MacIntyre CR, Kainer MA, Brown GV. A randomised, clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of hospital and community-based reminder systems for increasing uptake of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine in hospitalised patients aged 65 years and over. Gerontology 2003;49:33-40
83. De Silva S, Saykao P, Kelly H, MacIntyre CR, Ryan N, Biggs BA. Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Laotian immigrants and refugees 7-20 years after resettlement in Australia. Epidemiology and Infection. 2002 128(3):439-44.
84. *MacIntyre CR, Gay NJ, Gidding H, Hull B, Gilbert GL, McIntyre P. A mathematical model to measure the impact of the Measles Control Campaign on the potential for measles transmission in Australia. Int J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec;6(4):277-81.
85. *MacIntyre CR, Ruth D, Ansari MZ. Hospital-in-the-home is cost-saving for appropriately selected patients, compared to in-hospital care. International Journal of Quality in Health Care. 2002;14:285-293.
86. *Weerasinghe, DP, MacIntyre, C R, Rubin GL. The epidemiology of cardiac arrests in a Sydney hospital. Resuscitation. 2002; 53;53-62
87. *Weerasinghe, DP, MacIntyre, C R, Rubin GL.. Seasonality of coronary artery deaths in New South Wales, Australia. Heart. 2002;88(1):30-4.
88. *MacIntyre CR. McIntyre PB. MMR, autism and inflammatory bowel disease: responding to patient concerns using an evidence-based framework. Medical Journal of Australia. 175(3):127-8, 2001 Aug 6.
89. Shah S, Raman S, Moreira C, MacIntyre CR. School Immunisation Certificates - a review over time in a disadvantaged community. Aust N Z J Public Health 2001; 25:534-8
90. Flood V, Webb K, Smith W, Mitchell P, Bantick J, MacIntyre R, Sindhusake D, Rubin G. Potential impact of folate intake in an older population. European J Clinical Nutrition. September 2001, Vol. 55, No. 9 pp.793-800
91. *MacIntyre CR. Empson M. Boardman C. Sindhusake D. Lokan J. Brown GV. Risk factors for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a Melbourne hospital. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 22(10):624-9, 2001 October.
92. *MacIntyre CR. Hepatitis B vaccine: risks and benefits of universal neonatal vaccination. J Paed Child Health. 2001; 37(3):215-7.
93. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ, Hendrie D. Shifting the balance between inpatient and outpatient care for tuberculosis results in cost savings. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001; 5(3):266-71.
94. *MacIntyre CR, Sindhusake D, Rubin GL. Modelling strategies for reducing pharmaceutical costs in hospital. Int J Qual Health Care. 2001;13(1):63-9.
95. *MacIntyre CR. A case of uveitis associated with rifabutin in an HIV-negative patient with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. Infectious Diseases In Clinical Practice 2000; Vol 9(8):pp 330-331.
96. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ, Hendrie D. The cost-effectiveness of evidence-based guidelines and practice for screening and prevention of tuberculosis. Health Economics 9(5):411-21, 2000 Jul.
97. *MacIntyre CR, Ansari MZ, Carnie J, Hart WG. No evidence for multiple drug prophylaxis for tuberculosis compared to isoniazid alone in South-East Asian refugees and migrants - completion and compliance are major determinants of effectiveness. Preventive Medicine. 2000; 30:425-432
98. *MacIntyre CR, Carnie J, Randall M. Risk of transmission of tuberculosis among inmates of an Australian prison. Epidemiology & Infection 1999;123:437-443.
99. *MacIntyre CR, Kendig N, Kummer L, Birago S, Plant AJ. Unrecognised transmission of tuberculosis in prisons. European Journal of Epidemiology 1999; 15:705-709.
100. *MacIntyre CR, Plant, AJ. Longitudinal incidence of tuberculosis in South-East Asian refugees after re-settlement. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999; 3:1-7.
101. *MacIntyre CR, Plant, AJ. Impact of policy and practice on the effectiveness of contact screening for tuberculosis. Preventive Medicine. 1998; 27: 830-837.
102. *MacIntyre CR, Plant, AJ. Preventability of incident cases of tuberculosis in recently exposed contacts. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998; 2:56-61.
103. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ. Tuberculosis in South-East Asian refugees - can prevention be improved by better policy and practice? Preventive Medicine. 1998; 27:815-820.
104. *Ansari NZ, MacIntyre CR, Ackland MJ, Chandraraj E, Haley D. Predictors of length of stay for transurethral prostatectomy in Victoria. Aust NZ J Surgery. 1998; 68:837-43.
105. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ, Yung A, Streeton JA. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Missed opportunities for prevention of tuberculosis (letter). 1998; 2:346-7.
106. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ, Yung A, Streeton JA. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Missed opportunities for prevention of tuberculosis in Victoria, Australia. 1997; 1:135-41.
107. *MacIntyre CR, Brook CW, Chandraraj E, Plant AJ. Changes in bed resources and admission patterns in acute public hospitals in Victoria, 1987-1995. Med J Aust 1997; 167:186-9.
108. *MacIntyre CR, Kendig N, Kummer L, Birago S, Graham N. Impact of tuberculosis control measures and crowding on the incidence of tuberculosis infection in Maryland prisons. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24:1060-1067. (Cited in Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's textbook of infectious diseases “Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th edition, 2000)
109. *MacIntyre CR, Kendig N, Kummer L, Birago S, Graham NHM. Exposure to infectious tuberculosis in PPD skin test converters in Maryland prisons. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:A564.
110. *MacIntyre CR, Ackland MJ, Chandraraj E, Pilla J. Accuracy of ICD-9-CM coding in hospital morbidity data - implications for public health research. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21:477-82.
111. *MacIntyre CR, Ackland MJ, Chandraraj E. Accuracy of injury coding in Victorian hospital morbidity data. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997; 21: 779-82.
112. Pirkis JE, Speed BR, Yung AP, Dunt DR, MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ. Time to initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Tubercle Lung Dis 1996; 77: 401-6.
113. *MacIntyre R, Lehmann N, Leydon J. An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Victoria, 1992. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993; 17:32-5.
114. *MacIntyre R, Wilby R, Alter M, Brown R. An outbreak of gastroenteritis at a Melbourne Metropolitan Lifesaving Club. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993; 17:90-1.
115. *MacIntyre R, Murphy A, Taylor K. Meningococcal meningitis at a retirement village, Melbourne 1992 - Neisseria meningitidis carriage survey and prophylaxis of contacts. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993;17:287-288
116. *MacIntyre R, Wilby R. An outbreak of Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis at a Melbourne hospital, 1993. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993;17:257-259.
117. *Veitch M, MacIntyre R. Flooding in Northern Victoria - surveillance for health problems. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993;17:512-513.
118. *MacIntyre R, Mansell C, Lynch P, Rich J. An outbreak of influenza A at a Victorian nursing home. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 1993;18:32-34.
119. Locarnini S, MacIntyre R. Influenza - the need for vaccination. - Australian Family Physician 1993: 22:1.
120. *MacIntyre CR, Plant AJ, Hulls J, Streeton JA, Graham NMH, Rouch GJ. High rate of tuberculosis transmission in an office setting - impact of delayed diagnosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1995; 21: 1170-4.
121. *MacIntyre CR, Nolan T. Attitudes of Victorian immunisation providers to pertussis vaccine. Medical Journal of Australia 1994;161:295-299
122. *MacIntyre CR, Dwyer B, Streeton JA. The epidemiology of tuberculosis in Victoria. Medical Journal of Australia 1993;159:672-677.
123. *MacIntyre R, Hogg G. Surveillance for Bordetella pertussis infection in Victoria. Australian Journal of Public Health 1994;18:21-24
124. Herceg A, Ashwell M, Bell J, Fan L, Harvey B, McDonnell L, MacIntyre R, Pasaris I. Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Medical Journal of Australia 1993; 159:70.
125. *MacIntyre CR, Carnie J, Plant AJ. Influenza vaccination in Victoria, 1992. Medical Journal of Australia 1993;159:257-260.

Letters in Peer Reviewed Journals

1. *Wood J, Macintyre R, Macartney K. Letters to the Editors. Assessing varicella vaccine efficacy. [Comment. Letter] Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 27(2):190; 190-1, 2008 Feb.
2. MacIntyre CR. Bird flu: pandemic flu is not just about probability. BMJ. 2006 Apr 15; 332(7546):913.
3. MacIntyre CR. King CL. Isaacs D. Ethics and access to teaching materials in the medical library: the case of the Pernkopf atlas. Medical Journal of Australia. 184(5):254-5, 2006 Mar 6.
4. MacIntyre CR. Kelly H. Jolley D. Butzkueven H. Salmon D. Halsey N. Moulton LH. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study. Neurology. 2005; 64(7):1317
5. MacIntyre CR. The value of epidemiology. Molecular Pathology Online. May 2002. http://mp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/54/6/DC1#6
6. Plant AJ, MacIntyre CR. Short term Tb chemoprophylaxis for travelers - potential hazards (letter). Medical Journal of Australia 1993;159:563-564.
 
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Raina MacIntyre

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